Genetic Detection of Chromosomal Interchanges and its Consequence on Plant Breeding: a Review

Chromosomal interchanges are of primary interest because of the opportunities they offer for the study of chromosome behavior and crossing over. The great volume of work which has already been done on crossing over and on translocations but still lack of understanding among the graduates students. Hence, continue discussions and question still to be made on this terminology. This paper gives the opportunity for students to understand chromosome mechanism in which crossing over and cytological changes are often occurs. In very beginning (middle of 20 th century), several study on the behavior of chromosomes such as crossing over, interchange and trisomics. But in order to link them with plant systems and breeding implications, it is necessary to review in brief since the interchange in plants are revealed so far only a small proportions but large proportion being ignored by current phase of crop improvement scientists. Since interchange is being a good cytogenetic markers are useful in genetic and basic investigation studies in cytology. Hence this has some practical applications on ploidy breeding programme which is re-patterning or alteration of basic chromosome number of a species and also an important evolutionary mechanism of species and they are poorly understood (Jauhar, 1971). However, a comprehensive explanation of translocation role in evolutionary aspects of a species is lengthy profession so that, my paper will explains the basics and applied aspects of interchange in plants in briefly.